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Global Sumud Flotilla

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Global Sumud Flotilla
AbbreviationGSF
FormationJuly 2025; 2 months ago (2025-07)
Founders
Type
  • Civil society
  • Humanitarian coalition
PurposeBreak the Gaza blockade, deliver humanitarian aid and establish a people-led humanitarian corridor
Region served
Gaza Strip, Mediterranean region
MembershipActivists from 44 countries; over 15,000 registered participants
Websiteglobalsumudflotilla.org
Blockade of the
Gaza Strip
Crossings
2004–2009
2010 Freedom Flotilla
2011–2022
2023–present
Groups involved

The Global Sumud Flotilla (GSF; Arabic: أسطول الصمود العالمي, romanized: Usṭūl aṣ-Ṣumūd al-ʿĀlamī) is an international, civil society-led maritime initiative launched in mid-2025, aiming to break the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip. It is named from ṣumūd, Arabic for 'steadfastness' or 'resilience'.[10] The initiative emerged in July 2025, amid the Gaza genocide, organised by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition, Global Movement to Gaza, and Maghreb Sumud Flotilla, among others. The flotilla comprises over 50 vessels with support from participants in more than 40 countries. Previous attempts to break the Israeli blockade have been successful, but since 2010 ships have been intercepted by Israeli forces, most recently in June and July 2025.

The flotilla began to set sail late August with convoys departing from Malaysia, Genoa, and Barcelona, followed by Tunis and Catania intended on 7 September and the port of Syros on 8 September, with arrival estimated in mid-September. Convoys have faced bad weather with temporary stoppages and delayed departures. The Spanish contingent temporarily returned to port due to high winds, setting sail again on 1 September. The Malaysian convoy was temporarily delayed on 2 September due to a significant storm. On 3 September, the Italian convoy reached Sicily as it awaits for the Catania convoy to arrive, and Tunisian vessels have begun converging on Tunis.

Certain convoys have received support from Italian politicians and political parties, MPs in Spain and Portugal, and the President of Colombia Gustavo Petro. In contrast, Israeli minister of national security Itamar Ben-Gvir has claimed that participants should be imprisoned as terrorists and the Israeli Navy has conducted maritime drills.

Background

Further information: Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present), Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present), and Gaza genocide

In 2008, the first ships to breach the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip were launched by the Free Gaza Movement. From 2008–2016, 5 of 31 boats reached Gaza.[11]

In 2010, the first Gaza Freedom Flotilla with six ships were raided by Israeli forces. Since then, attempts in 2011, 2015, 2018, and flotillas in June and July 2025, have all been intercepted, raided or attacked by Israeli forces.[12]

Formation

GSF emerged in July 2025, amid the Gaza genocide, through the consolidation of multiple activist and humanitarian movements—namely the Freedom Flotilla Coalition, the Global Movement to Gaza, the Maghreb Sumud Flotilla, and Sumud Nusantara—into a coordinated maritime effort.[13][14][15] In early September, Emergency joined the flotilla with a vessel for medical assistance.[16]

The flotilla is said to be the largest civilian-led maritime convoy in history, comprising over 50 vessels of varying sizes departing from multiple ports around the Mediterranean, and converging toward Gaza. Organizers have gathered involvement or support from activists, doctors and artists representing 44 countries, who include Greta Thunberg, Thiago Ávila, Yasemin Acar (notably participants in the June 2025 Gaza Freedom Flotilla), Robert Martin, Emma Fourreau (participants in the July flotilla), Susan Sarandon, Gustaf Skarsgård, Liam Cunningham, Mark Ruffalo, Zwelivelile Mandela, Abby Martin, Rahma Zein, Tadhg Hickey, Bob Vylan, Zerocalcare, Alessandro Barbero, Fiorella Mannoia, Alessandro Gassmann, Elisa, Isabella Ferrari, Nina Zilli, Cele Fierro, Luis Tosar, Carlos Bardem, Victoria Luengo, Roger Waters and many others around the world.[b] The steering committee is composed of Thunberg, Ávila, Acar, Kleoniki Alexopoulou, Melanie Schweizer, Karen Moynihan, Maria Elena Delia, Saif Abukeshek, Muhammad Nadir al-Nuri, Marouan Ben Guettaia, Wael Nawar, Hayfa Mansouri and Torkia Chaibi.[11][22] The movement's spokespersons are Ávila, Abukeshek and Jeweher Chenna.[25]

Preparations and departures

Greta Thunberg addressing supporters ahead of the departure of the Barcelona convoy

The flotilla is setting sail between August and September 2025, with convoys departing from Genoa on 30 August, from Barcelona on 31 August, and from Tunis and Catania on 7 September (originally planned for 4 September); their arrival is estimated for mid-September.[21][26][27][28][29] Preparatory actions included registration of over 15,000 participants, along with training sessions, solidarity events, and camps near departure points.[30][31][32] The Italian cargo consists of 45 tons of aid.[27]

Malaysian vessels, under the name "Sumud Nusantara Asian Flotilla", also departed with food and aid on 23 August 2025.[33] Alongside the Nusantara and "Watermelon Flotilla", officially sponsored by the government of Malaysia,[34] an Indian delegation was supposed to join from Kolkata, but withdrew due to safety concerns.[9]

The Genoa vessels, four in total, were saluted during their departure by a crowd of 40,000 citizens.[35] A union official said action would be taken in the event of an incident; this would include coordinated action from dockworkers across Europe to block all civilian shipments to Israel.[27][36]

A convoy is also planned to be led by one Greek boat from the island of Syros, Greece, on 8 September 2025.[37]

Convoy voyages

Malaysian

Due to poor weather conditions, the convoy that departed from Malaysia on 23 August 2025, was forced to stop temporarily due to bad weather on 2 September 2025, but continued its voyage soon after.[38][39] The following day, on 3 September, the ship once again was confronted with a significant storm which caused items within the vessels to be scattered around and break and the charging system of communication equipment to be compromised whilst the convoy was in the middle of the ocean. After that, the convoy continued to sail towards its next destination in which these issues caused by the storm would be dealt with and resolved. The port in question was kept a secret as to avoid sabotages.[40]

Spanish

The Spanish convoy, notably carrying Thunberg, had to temporarily return to its port after its initial departure due to bad weather conditions, including winds around 56 km/h (35 mph).[41][42][43] The vessels were able to set sail again in the evening of 1 September.[24][44] Within its first night, the convoy, for the most part, had made it past 926 km (575 mi) from Barcelona.[45]

Within one day of departure, members aboard the flotilla were already reporting unidentified drones following them in international waters.[46] Some of the boats made a technical stop in Menorca and Mallorca in the morning of 3 September, to repair mechanical issues, whilst up to five vessels once again returned back to Barcelona due to unfavourable weather conditions.[47][48] On the same date, two vessels were reported still in the Barcelona harbor, never having left the harbor in the first place for mechanical issues similiar to the vessels that had stopped in Menorca and Mallorca. During the very first nights, many participants of the Spanish convoy allegedly experienced seasickness and vomiting, and the vessels had to endure water leaks, electrical problems and further mechanical issues.[48]

Steering committee member Thiago Ávila announced that, during the night of 4 and 5 September, the Spanish convoy would divide in two groups: one would continue to head towards Tunis, whilst the other would wait in Menorca for those ships still docked in Barcelona, in order to prevent any ship from being left alone at sea for security reasons.[49]

Italian

By 1 September 2025, the Italian convoy from Genoa that had departed on 30 August met no difficulties in its navigation effort and was heading smoothly towards its target, Catania, where the second Italian convoy would embark.[50] In the meantime, the Italian-based humanitarian NGO Emergency officially announced that it would be joining the initiative in Catania, sending its vessel Life Support, equipped for search and rescue (SAR) operations and medical assistance.[16][51]

The first three ships of the Genoese convoy to reach the proximity of Sicily were spotted and welcomed in the city of Syracuse on 3 September, awaiting for the departure of the Catania convoy, which was initially planned to depart on 4 September, but was later delayed of three days.[52]

Tunisian

On 3 September 2025, the first Tunisian vessels from the southern ports of Djerba and Zarzis started to relocate to the port of Tunis, where on 7 September (initially 4 September) they would start their voyage towards Gaza alongside the rest of the Tunisian convoy.[49]

Reactions upon sailing

International reactions

In Italy, among the people gathered in Genoa on the flotilla's departure was mayor Silvia Salis, who drew ties between Gaza and Genoa as a city decorated [it] for its resistance during World War II.[27] Other politicians voiced their support for the initiative, including former prime minister Giuseppe Conte who stated that the initiative was an "extraordinary reaction from 'below' to international indifference" on the topic.[53] Italian organizations such as Giustizia Insieme, ANPI, CGIL and the Italian Federation of Agroindustrial Workers,[54][55][56][57] as well as political parties like the Five Star Movement (M5S) and Possibile,[53][58] supported the initiative. Politicians who sailed on the flotilla include M5S senator Marco Croatti, Greens and Left Alliance (AVS) MEP Benedetta Scuderi, Democratic Party (PD) deputy Arturo Scotto, and PD MEP Annalisa Corrado.[28][49] On 3 September 2025, upon reports that an Israeli KC-130H military plane had made a round trip from Nevatim Airbase to Naval Air Station Sigonella, Sicily, AVS deputy and Green Europe spokesperson Angelo Bonelli requested that the government clarify whether the aircraft was "spying the Global Sumud Flotilla [...] or loading war material." The Italian Army Staff replied that it was a "technical landing" for "logistical support" from the US Army, "in full compliance with national laws and international agreements."[28][59] On 4 September, Meloni confirmed that, like Spain, Italy would guarantee the safety of the flotilla's Italian participants; however, she discouraged Italians from taking part in the initiative, suggesting they use "safer and already existing means" to send humanitarian aid to Gaza and labelling the flotilla as "unecessarily dangerous".[60]

In Spain, former mayor of Barcelona Ada Colau, expressed her support and even participation to the initiative, whilst another Spanish politician and MEP, Jaume Asens, stated he planned to be aboard one of the ships but only for a "few miles", stating his support for the cause. Spanish foreign minister José Manuel Albares stated that Spain would deploy "all necessary protection" as to secure the safety of all Spanish participants and politicians on board if needed.[8][23]

In Portugal, the initiative had a mixed reaction despite various members of parliament, including Mariana Mortágua, participating in it. Mortágua expected for her parliamentary legal immunity to help her and the initiative in terms of legal protection and lead to a Portuguese support of the initiative (similiarly with Spain), however, this was denied by Portuguese foreign minister Paulo Rangel who said that Portugal had no way to guarantee such immunity in a diplomatic and international setting of this form aside from consular protection.[8]

In France, the Association France Palestine Solidarité [fr] published a "call for arms" as towards French citiziens to join the flotilla's voyage.[61]

In South Africa, public support has been observed, including the participation of some individuals such as local members of Jews for a Free Palestine.[62]

President of Colombia Gustavo Petro issued an official statement of support and solidarity with the flotilla upon its departure.[63]

Israeli reaction

Israeli minister of national security Itamar Ben-Gvir presented a plan of action on how to stop and react to the Global Sumud Flotilla arrival. According to him, despite the initiative's humanitarian nature, it still was to be considered a threat to "undermine Israel's sovereignty and support Hamas in Gaza." Thus, he proposed that members be sent to Ketziot and Damon prisons and treated as terrorists.[64] The GSF issued an official response, describing Ben Gvir's words as an act of intimidation and a smear campaign constituting "a blatant violation of international humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions". The group denounced the illegality of the Israeli blockade and highlighted the right of Palestinians in Gaza to control their territorial waters, calling for protection from the international community and qualifying their mission as "humanitarian, lawful, and unstoppable".[65]

On 1 September 2025, a few hours before the flotilla departed from Barcelona for its second time, the Israeli Navy conducted maritime drills. The Times of Israel and Al Jazeera both noted that the navy troops practised "a variety of combat scenarios". This was suggested to be a training related to a planned assault on the flotilla.[66][67][68]

Palestinian reaction

The Al Mezan Center for Human Rights, based in Omar Mukhtar Street, Gaza, called for support and solidarity with the flotilla, asking the international community to guarantee the protection of the vessels and its sailors.[69]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Attributed to multiple sources:[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
  2. ^ Attributed to multiple sources:[11][13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]

References

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  4. ^ Gerdžiūnas, Benas (2 September 2025). "Lithuanian joins Greta Thunberg on Gaza flotilla: we want to open a humanitarian corridor". lrt.lt. LRT. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
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  34. ^ "Website Watermelonflotilla v.2". watermelonflotilla.org. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
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  57. ^ direttore. "Pagliarulo: "Sosteniamo la scelta di Emergency di affiancare la Global Sumud Flotilla. Chiediamo al governo italiano di agire subito: protezione diplomatica agli equipaggi e sospensione del Memorandum Italia-Israele" | ANPI". www.anpi.it (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2025.
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  66. ^ Cordall, Justin Salhani,Simon Speakman. "LIVE: Italian parliamentarians to join Sumud Flotilla to Gaza". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 3 September 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  69. ^ "Al Mezan Expresses Solidarity and Calls for International Protection of the Global Sumud Flotilla". mezan.org (Press release). 29 August 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
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